Which factor places populations at the highest risk for negative health outcomes?

Poverty is a significant risk factor that affects populations' overall health outcomes. It is closely linked to a number of adverse effects, including limited access to essential resources such as nutritious food, safe housing, and quality education. Individuals and families living in poverty often experience higher levels of stress and decreased mental health due to financial instability and lack of opportunities.

Furthermore, socioeconomic status can influence access to healthcare services. Those in poverty may not have health insurance or may face barriers to receiving timely care, leading to untreated health conditions or diseases. This can create a cycle of poor health outcomes that further entrenches the poverty experienced by these populations.

In contrast, access to recreational areas, education level, and proximity to healthcare facilities can improve health outcomes but do not inherently carry the same level of risk. While these factors are indeed important for overall well-being, they often serve as protective factors that can mitigate the negative impacts of poverty. Thus, the overwhelming influence of poverty on health disparities makes it the factor that places populations at the highest risk for negative health outcomes.